3-Thiomescaline · 3,4-Dimethoxy-5-methylthiophenethylamine
#155 3-TM SYNTHESIS: To an ice cold and well stirred solution of 15 g vanillin and 20 g sodium thiocyanate in 150 mL acetic acid there was added, dropwise over the course of 15 min, a solution of 16 g elemental bromine in 40 mL acetic acid. This was followed by the addition of 30 mL of 5% HCl and 300 mL EtOH, and stirring was continued for an additional 30 min. The mixture was heated to its boiling point, and filtered while hot. The mother liquor was diluted with an equal volume of H2O, which initiated the crystallization of crude 5-formyl-7-methoxy-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxathiole as a flocculant yellow solid. On filtration and air-drying, this weighed 12.5 g. After recrystallization from EtOH, the product was white and had a mp of 164 °C sharp.
A suspension of 12.5 g of crude 5-formyl-7-methoxy-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxathiole in 100 mL MeOH containing 28.4 g methyl iodide was treated with a solution of 12 g NaOH in 100 mL warm MeOH. The mixture was held at reflux for 1 h and then the solvents were removed under vacuum. A solution of 14.2 g methyl iodide in 100 mL DMSO was added and the mixture stirred for 1 h. An additional 2.4 g of NaOH and 16 g methyl iodide were added, and the stirring was continued for another 2 h. The reaction mixture was poured into 800 mL H2O, acidified with HCl, and extracted with 3×75 mL CH2Cl2. The pooled extracts were washed with 5% NaOH, then water, and the solvent removed under vacuum. Distillation at 110–130 °C at 0.4 mm/Hg gave 0.9 g 3,4-dimethoxy-5-(methylthio)benzaldehyde which had a mp of 57–58 °C after crystallization from EtOH. Anal. (C10H12O3S) C,H.
A solution of 0.9 g 3,4-dimethoxy-5-(methylthio)benzaldehyde in 100 mL nitromethane containing 0.5 g anhydrous ammonium acetate was held at reflux for 4 h. The excess nitromethane was removed under vacuum, and the deep brown residue was dissolved in 4 mL hot MeOH. On cooling, the yellow crystals were removed by filtration, washed with cold MeOH and air dried yielding 0.4 g yellow crystals of 3,4-dimethoxy-5-methoxy-β-nitrostyrene , with a mp of 119.5–120.5 °C after recrystallization from EtOH. Anal. (C11H13NO4S) C,H.
To a solution of 1.0 g LAH in 25 mL anhydrous THF under He, cooled to 0 °C and vigorously stirred, there was added, dropwise, 0.7 mL of 100% H2SO4, followed by a solution of 0.7 g 3,4-dimethoxy-5-methylthio-β-nitrostyrene in 10 mL anhydrous THF. The mixture was brought briefly to a reflux, cooled again, and the excess hydride destroyed with H2O in THF, followed by the dropwise addition of 15% NaOH until the solids became white and granular. The solids were removed by filtration, the filter cake washed with THF, the mother liquor and filtrates combined, diluted with an equal volume of Et2O, and extracted with 2×40 mL dilute H2SO4. The aqueous extracts were combined, washed with Et2O, made basic with aqueous NaOH, and extracted with 2×50 mL CH2Cl2. The solvent was removed from these extracts and the residue distilled to provide 0.4 g of a white oil boiling at 124–130 °C at 0.2 mm/Hg. This oil was dissolved in 8 mL IPA, neutralized with concentrated HCl, and diluted with 30 mL anhydrous Et2O. The white crystalline product was the monohydrate of 3,4-dimethoxy-5-methylthiophenethylamine hydrochloride (3-TM) which melted at 167–168 °C and weighed 0.29 g. Anal. (C11H18ClNO2SaH2O) C,H,N.
DOSAGE: 60–100 mg.
DURATION: 8–12 h.
QUALITATIVE COMMENTS: (with 80 mg) “I went into the experience with the question of whether it (3-TM) might be a writing aid. I found a considerable color enhancement (this was at the one hour point) and there seems to be no problem in writing physical words. But there is no urge to, as there are no new things. This is progressing into something more complex and there is an interesting shielding effect. I still have the desire to write and I sense that many things are going on underneath, but my conscious control suppresses their availability. It is now the third hour. Music. I would like to try this material at 100 milligrams. Now awareness seems much more pointed. I have need to build a writing table. This material is physically relaxing, insisting repose, but with conflicting energy. Seated in a chair, but I seem unable to find a comfortable position in order to write.
"Pine trees seem a good place
To start. Notwithstanding this table
Of pine, unfinished, unruled,
The pulp upon which we reveal
The unnerved thoughts.
How casual we are at discarding
Our feelings, a rubble we
Leave behind for the living.
Who among us can absorb
The spiritual load we see as
What others carry.
"This material is not poetic, I should say, does not enhance poetry, prose is much more comfortable. I think I should let the experience develop further. It is now the fifth hour. There is something of a violence (emotional) suppressed in all of us, a socially repressed vision of oneself in a direct conflict with oneself. The music has a lot to do with this material. And it changes with time. In the first part there is sublimity, peacefulness, mild intoxication. And a lot more tension in the part that followed the four hour point. There the territories seem much better defined, with the benign shielding of the first half largely dissipated. I have developed a slightly irritated view of myself, probably wanting once again to regain the serenity.”
(with 80 mg) “Delightful day. Not insight depth but persistent feeling of pleasant good humor. It is good-natured and very verbal. Everyone talked and the instinct was to express and comment on everything. There were no visuals during the first three to four hours—with the eyes open one could barely detect the intoxication. Eyes closed—quiet lovely window, no images. About +2. And then someone brought in a radio with music on, into the room. There was a tremendous eruption of closed-eyes visual images and fantasy. Bright colors, funny, rich and elaborate. Marvelous. I was suddenly at +3. Next day, no hangover. Pleasant feeling persisted.”
(with 100 mg) “I found the day had two halves. The first few hours were characterized by occasional defensiveness (paranoia) and irritability. In interpersonal interactions there was a guardedness, due to a feeling of vulnerability. I went off by myself, and with eyes closed, there was rich imagery and color synthesis to musical imput. And then things smoothed out, and I could express an easy flow of ideas and concepts without always watching my step. And then all too soon, the intensity of the experience began fading away.”
EXTENSIONS AND COMMENTARY: The amphetamine which would correspond with this base would be 3,4-dimethoxy-5-methylthioamphetamine (3-T-TMA) and should be an active compound. Its synthesis should be straightforward from the benzaldehyde described above, employing nitroethane rather than nitromethane. It is apparently an unknown compound.
11 Aug 2018 · ·

About PiHKAL · info

This version of Book II of PiHKAL is based on the Erowid online version, originally transcribed by Simson Garfinkle and converted into HTML by Lamont Granquist. I drew also on “Tyrone Slothrop’s” (Unfinished) Review of PIHKAL to enumerate the many analogues mentioned in PiHKAL but not described at length. Many, many others have since been added.
I have tried here to expunge any artifacts introduced by the earlier transcriptions and restore the typographic niceties found in the printed edition. I’ve also made minor changes to some chemical names in line with current nomenclature practice. Typically the change is little more than expanding a prefix or setting it in italics. The history page has further details.

Cautionary note

“At the present time, restrictive laws are in force in the United States and it is very difficult for researchers to abide by the regulations which govern efforts to obtain legal approval to do work with these compounds in human beings.
“No one who is lacking legal authorization should attempt the synthesis of any of the compounds described in these files, with the intent to give them to man. To do so is to risk legal action which might lead to the tragic ruination of a life. It should also be noted that any person anywhere who experiments on himself, or on another human being, with any of the drugs described herein, without being familiar with that drug’s action and aware of the physical and/or mental disturbance or harm it might cause, is acting irresponsibly and immorally, whether or not he is doing so within the bounds of the law.”
Alexander T. Shulgin

Copyright notice

The copyright for Book I of PiHKAL has been reserved in all forms and it may not be distributed. Book II of PiHKAL may be distributed for non-commercial reproduction provided that the introductory information, copyright notice, cautionary notice and ordering information remain attached.

Ordering information

PiHKAL is the extraordinary record of the authors’ years exploring the chemistry and transformational power of phenethylamines. This book belongs in the library of anyone seeking a rational, enlightened and candid perspective on psychedelic drugs.
Though Sasha and Ann have put Book II of PiHKAL in the public domain, available to anyone, I strongly encourage you to buy a copy. We owe them — and there’s still nothing quite like holding a real book in your hands.
PiHKAL (ISBN 0-9630096-0-5) is available for US$24.50 (plus $10 domestic first-class shipping) from Transform Press.
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